Personal Truths

Inspiring with Integrity

Teacher Lesson Guide

(swipe to advance)

Objectives

  • Decision Making

  • Empathy

  • Problem Solving

Lesson Design

45-60 Minutes

5 Min: Review Learning Objectives
20 Min: Literary Discussion: The Magic Ring
5 Min: Supporting Activity: Knights and Knaves
10 Min: Reinforcing Activity: Friendship Fable
3 Min: Closing Activity

Objectives

  • Identify triggers for treating others without kindness

  • Practice empathy by seeing triggers for unkindness in self and others

  • Engage in problem solving dedicated to relieving the stress factors that lead to unkindness

  • Practice integrity by

    • demonstrating adherence personal principles

    • demonstrating courage to speak up on behalf of self and others

    • demonstrating resolve by accepting consequences

Lingo List

Support Words

be present

back up

aid

assist

compliment

understand

honor

help

Aggravation Words

angry

provoke

aggravate

demand

bug

tease

nosy

irritate

annoy

pester

Unkind Adjectives

mean

cruel

nasty

uncaring

spiteful

harsh

Stress Source Words

cold

hunger

trauma

tiredness

sick

illness

lack of hygiene

neglect

aggravation

By 7-10 years of age, children are well into the stage of relying on personal truths. They believe the world is reliable to a certain degree based on their experiences. For this reason, children from different demographics might have extremely different truths that they on which they base their developing belief system. For example, an individual that comes from a home and family that deals with food scarcity compared to a peer that comes from affluence might have more in conflict than in common about diet.

Given trust, children can begin to use their personal truths to direct their own learning from about the age of five years. Instructors, parents and close adults can model conviction without judgement, self-expression, and curiosity in other perspectives. Advocating for personal truths while keeping an open mind (and the ability to change one's mind with more information) allows for steady progress in critical thinking that benefits both social and emotional learning as well as academic advancement.

As children age, free play continues to be crucial for the integrated development of emotional and academic learning as it provides a place to test personal truths and reason beyond weak ideas. One's capacity for free play at any age is directly reflective of their ability to think critically.

Adults can continue to model play as a skill in elaborate and engaging ways that include social, emotional and academic domains.

Guiding Questions for Class:

What are some reasons for unkindness? When is it hard to be kind? What makes it hard to stick up for yourself or others? What are some consequences of sticking up for yourself or others? How do you feel when you see someone being bullied?

What do you think about people who engage in bullying?

Reading:

The Magic Ring

Long ago there was an old woman who had a son. She always advised him not to cause injury to any man, and not to torture or kill any animal or beast, no matter how despised it might be. They were very poor. The lad went to the forest every day, and brought a bundle of wood on his back. He sold it for twopence and bought bread for his aged mother and himself. One day he saw that the village boys were torturing a kitten and taking pleasure in its cries.

“Why do you torture the poor animal?” said the lad to the boys; “let it go.”

“Give us your pennies, and we will let it go,” said the boys.

He at once gave them the twopence which he had earned that day by selling his wood, and took the kitten home with him. Both mother and son went to bed hungry that night. On the following day he took the kitten with him to the forest, and that evening the bundle of wood was sold at fourpence. He paid twopence for bread, and putting the other twopence in his pocket was returning home, when he met the village boys who were this time torturing a mouse. The lad gave his twopence to the boys, and took the mouse home with him. On the third day he saved a whelp of a dog and brought it home. On the fourth day he saved a little snake, and putting it in a jug, kept it at home. On the following day he took all the animals and went to the forest to cut wood. At noon, he sat at a fountain to eat his lunch, and gave a share of it to the animals. He took the snake out of the jug and let it go, but the reptile would not leave him. He then gave it a piece of bread. As soon as it bit the bread, lo! it was changed into a pretty boy, and said to the lad:

“I am the son of the King of India; magicians stole me and changed me into a snake. The enchantment was such that the moment a human being gave me bread to eat with his own hand, I should again change into a boy. I escaped from the hands of the magicians, and came to the village for the purpose of biting a piece of bread from a human hand, but the village urchins found me and were about to kill me when you saved me. I owe you my life and my freedom from the magician’s spell. Now let me advise you. When I go home to my father he will be so happy to see me that he will wish to reward you with the most precious things in his kingdom. But when he asks you to demand something from him, be careful and request only the ring which he has on his finger. It is a magic ring, and the moment you turn its jewel upside-down two genii will wait on you to do your will, and will bring for you anything that you may desire.”

The lad accompanied the boy to the court of the King of India, who was so glad at the sight of his child that he was almost beside himself with joy. The boy told his father all that had happened, and presented the lad as the deliverer of his life.

“Ask of me what you will,” said the King to the lad, “you have saved the heir apparent, and I will give you whatever you demand, even to the half of my kingdom.”

“Long live the King!” said the lad. “I desire only the ring on your finger.”

“A plague upon him who advised you!” said the King; “you have demanded the costliest thing I have. But as I have promised I must give it to you.”

So saying he gave the ring to the lad, and ordered his saddlebags be filled with gold. The lad came back to his aged mother and told her what had happened.

“Well then, son,” said the old woman, “let me go ask our King to give you his daughter in marriage.”

The lad consented, and the old woman, after buying for herself a new dress and adorning herself as best she could, went to the court.

“What do you want?” said the King.

“Long live the King!” said the old woman. “I have come to ask you by God’s order, to give your daughter in marriage to my son.”

“Good,” said the King; “but has your son the equivalent of the dower that I can give to my daughter?”

“Certainly he has,” answered the woman, “how much do you want him to have?”

“He must have a treasure full of gold like mine, and a magnificent palace like mine. The road between my palace and his must be covered with a single soft rug, and on both sides shady trees must grow, and under them horsemen ride from one end to the other on horses all milky white. If he can procure these I will give him my daughter in marriage; if not, I will not.”

The old woman returned and told the lad what the King had said. The lad turned the jewel of the ring, and lo! two genii presented themselves with their hands folded upon their breasts, saying:

“Tell us your will, and we will do it immediately.”

The lad ordered them to prepare all that the King had demanded. Everything was ready in one night. On the following day the King was greatly pleased with the palace and everything in it, and gave his daughter in marriage. There they lived in happiness until the death of the old woman.

But there was a rascal who had heard of the magic ring, and he was anxious to get it. He took on the shape of a peddler, and came to the palace at a time when the lad had gone hunting, and there was no one there besides the Princess. She opened the door to look at the goods of the peddler.

“I peddle nice goods for ladies,” said the clever rascal; “and in order to give ladies facility, I do not care to sell them for money, but exchange for old jewelry, such as rings and the like. Any lady will have some old rings which she can give in return for beautiful goods.”

“Let me see if we have rings at home which I can give you for your goods,” said the Princess.

She went in, and came back with the magic ring, saying:

“Here, I have found this among my husband’s things; I think it will do for you.”

The rascal gave some rubbish in exchange for the precious ring. As soon as he put it on his finger, he turned the jewel, and lo! the two genii stood before him, ready to do his commands.

“I wish you to take this palace, with me in it, and carry it to the Island of the Seven Seas, and I wish you throw the former owner into the unfathomable sea.” He had hardly finished his words when the palace, with the Princess and the rascal, was transported to the Island

of the Seven Seas. Then the genii seized the lad, and were about to throw him into the bottomless sea, when they took pity on him, he being their former master, and left him in a wilderness on the shore. This was a dreadful change for the youth. He traveled a long way, and at length came to the hut of a fisherman, who accepted him as an apprentice.

But let us return to the animals. The dog, the cat and the mouse, seeing what misfortune had come to their master, decided to go to the Island of the Seven Seas, and getting the ring from the rascal, take it to their master, whom they knew by instinct to have become the apprentice of a fisherman. They immediately started and soon came to the sea. The dog entered the water, the cat took her seat on his neck, while the mouse rode on the cat’s back. The dog began to swim, and proved to be an expert in the art.

“We hope our weight will not cause you to sink brother dog,” said the cat and the mouse.

“Pshaw!” said the dog, proudly, “you are as light as a feather, and speak of sinking me! Nay, be careful not to be blown away from my back by the wind of my respiration.”

And out of his mouth he hung his long tongue. So swimming, at last they came to the Island of the Seven Seas, where they saw their master’s palace. It was night. The dog stood at the bottom of the wall while the cat with the mouse on her back climbed up until they came to the window. But as it was closed it was now the turn of the mouse to do his part. He gnawed the board with his fine teeth and opened a hole large enough for himself to go through. Entering, he looked everywhere for the ring, but it could not be found. The rascal was asleep.

“Look at the rascal’s fingers,” whispered the cat from without.

But it was not there.

“Look in his mouth,” whispered the cat.

The mouse made a careful examination, and lo! the ring was in the rascal’s mouth. But how to get it? The mouse saw that the rascal had put his snuffbox near the bed. He first ran to the cellar, and soaked his tail in vinegar; then coming back he thrust it into the snuffbox. He repeated this several times, until his tail was well stiffened with a coating of vinegar and snuff. He went then to the sleeping rascal, and perching upon his beard thrust his tail into his nostril as far as it could go.

This caused the rascal to sneeze with all his might, and lo! the ring was flung from his mouth. The mouse uttered a shriek of joy, and snatching the ring from the floor, in the twinkling of an eye disappeared through the hole. The rascal immediately arose, and lighting a candle began to search for the ring. Not finding it, he thought to look for it in the morning, and again went to bed. The mouse and the cat descended the wall to their big-mouthed friend, who was looking at them wistfully. The dog again entered the water, tand he cat took her place on his back, and the mouse rested on the cat’s back. They decided that the ring should be in the cat’s mouth. This time they began to swim toward the opposite shore of the sea, where the lad was serving the fisherman. They crossed the Seven Seas and approached the shore safely. As soon as they saw the land and their master’s hut, the dog said to his companions:

“I am swimming for you, but you have the ring. You will give it to master, who will praise you; while I, who have worked the hardest, will not receive any credit. Not so; you must put the ring in my mouth before we reach the land.”

“Brother dog,” said the cat, “now you are tired and see how you keep your mouth open all the time and stretch your tongue out. If we put the ring in your mouth, we are afraid you will drop it into the sea. But as soon as we reach the land, we will give the ring to you, that you may give it to master.”

“No,” said the dog, “you must give it now, or else I will drop you into the sea.”

He began to shake them, threatening to drown them. The cat, therefore, was obliged to place the ring in the dog’s mouth. But he could not keep his mouth shut a single minute. He opened his mouth, stretched his tongue, began to pant, and lo! the ring fell into the sea. They came ashore, but all in great excitement. The mouse and the cat began to beat the dog, who thrust his tail between his hind legs as if to acknowledge his fault, but had to defend himself against the sharp paws of the cat and the fine teeth of the mouse. Quarreling and howling and rolling upon the sand, they came to the fisherman’s hut. The lad, with his natural kindness to animals, came out to separate the fighters, and lo! They were his own friends. Seeing the lad, all three paid him their respects, but again began to fight one another, this time more severely. The youth, seeing that it was impossible to leave them in this way, provided three ropes, and bound them separately. He gave them food and drink, and tried to calm their anger. On the following day he drew out a net full of fishes, and sat down to prepare them for market. Among them was a large fish. As soon as the lad seized it, there was excitement among the animals. The dog barked, the cat mewed, and the mouse shrieked, and all three tried to cut their ropes. The lad had hardly cut the fish open when the mouse, having gnawed its rope, ran and plunged into the belly of the fish, and in the twinkling of an eye came out with the magic ring in its mouth, for the fish had swallowed the ring. The mouse jumped upon his master’s lap and presented the ring, at sight of which the lad understood why the animals were troubled. He untied them, and kissing the three, expressed his gratitude for their brave enterprise. Then he turned the jewel, and lo! the two genii presented themselves.

“I want my palace to be restored to its place, myself to be placed in it again, and the rascal to be thrown into the bottomless sea,” said the lad.

He had barely finished his sentence when he found himself and his animal friends in his palace once more, and near him was his wife. The rascal was cast into the bottomless sea, where he is sinking everlastingly but never reaches the bottom. Thus the wicked one was punished and the virtuous one obtained his wishes.

Open-Ended Questions:

After the reading, debrief the story using the open-ended questions below. 

Active Listening

How does it feel when someone lies to you?

If your friend has a problem, why is it important to listen to them?

Why is listening important for problem solving?

Empathy

How does it feel when you can't be heard or understood by others?

How does it feel when someone disregards your needs?

How can we include everyone’s voice when collaborating?

Problem Solving

What are some ways we can learn the truth of a situation?

If two people are fighting over one thing, what are some strategies for solving the problem?

Problem Solving Activity: Knights and Knaves

Purpose: This activity is a fun logic riddle aimed at student deliberation of possibilities using “if” and “then” statements. 

Materials and preparation: Use the following link in your lesson planning, it explains the set-up and explanation of the problem: https://youtu.be/xjSjxVAbhJ8.  You may also incorporate the video into the actual lesson. 

Instructions:  

  1. Tell the students to listen carefully and read the riddle out loud or play the video and pause at 1:22.

RIDDLE: 

You visit an island with two types of people:

 knights, who always tell the truth, and 

 knaves, who always lie.

You are approached by two individuals from the island but you don’t know if they are knights or knaves. 

One is named Billy and the other is Bob.  

You ask Billy, “Is Bob a knave?”

Billy whispers his answer to Bob. So you ask Bob if Billy said, “yes.”

Bob says, “No.”

What, then, must be true?

Billy is a knight.

Billy is a knave.

Bob is a knight.

Bob is a knave.

2. With appropriate coaching, allow students to deliberate through the possibilities using ‘if . . . then’ statements

For instance:  If Billy is a knight and Bob is a knave, then Billy whispered yes to Bob, and Bob lied.  

There is only one correct answer.

3. You can explain the answer, or (unpause) the video  https://youtu.be/xjSjxVAbhJ8 and play up to 3:45 to listen to the explanation of the answer to the students. 

Synthesis

At the conclusion of the activity, ask a few students to share an anecdote to discuss the skills demonstrated to be successful, or discussing the challenges of the activity.

Reinforcing Activity: Friendship Fable

Purpose: Fables are quick stories that teach us a virtue, or way to be kind to others. In this activity, students will

invent a short fable to teach friendship.

Preparation: Determine if you will have students complete an individual/pair or a large group product to scaffold

learning with peer/adult support.)

Instructions:

  1. Read this sample fable to students:
    A Dove saw an Ant fall into a brook. The Ant struggled in vain to reach the bank, and in pity, the Dove dropped a blade of straw close beside it. Clinging to the straw like a shipwrecked sailor to a broken spar, the Ant floated safely to shore.

    Soon after, the Ant saw a man getting ready to kill the Dove with a stone. But just as he cast the stone, the Ant stung him in the heel, so that the pain made him miss his aim, and the startled Dove flew to safety in a distant wood.

  2. Ask the students to think of a friendship scenario.

  3. Then have them choose animals to represent the characters and illustrate the situation.

  4. Write the fable in one or two paragraphs maximum with simple characters and a simple problem/solution.

  5. Following the writing exercise, invite students to share their fable with others

Closing Activity

Let’s end with a closing circle activity that will remind us of what we learned as a team working and learning as a team.

Today, we practiced listening so that everyone has a space to share and learn from each other. We explored different perspectives and practiced giving feedback that considers other views.

COME FULL CIRCLE- Open-Ended Questions

  • What new words did you learn today concerning maintaining friendships?

  • After today’s activities, what did you learn about building better friendships?

  • What is the relationship between challenge and creativity?

  • What can we learn from adversaries?

  • Look at the Four Awesome Questions, how do they relate to today’s activities?

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